Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, France.
Identifieur interne : 000011 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000010; suivant : 000012Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, France.
Auteurs : Matthieu Million [France] ; Jean-Christophe Lagier [France] ; Philippe Gautret [France] ; Philippe Colson [France] ; Pierre-Edouard Fournier [France] ; Sophie Amrane [France] ; Marie Hocquart [France] ; Morgane Mailhe [France] ; Vera Esteves-Vieira [France] ; Barbara Doudier [France] ; Camille Aubry [France] ; Florian Correard [France] ; Audrey Giraud-Gatineau [France] ; Yanis Roussel [France] ; Cyril Berenger [France] ; Nadim Cassir [France] ; Piseth Seng [France] ; Christine Zandotti [France] ; Catherine Dhiver [France] ; Isabelle Ravaux [France] ; Christelle Tomei [France] ; Carole Eldin [France] ; Hervé Tissot-Dupont [France] ; Stéphane Honoré [France] ; Andreas Stein [France] ; Alexis Jacquier [France] ; Jean-Claude Deharo [France] ; Eric Chabrière [France] ; Anthony Levasseur [France] ; Florence Fenollar [France] ; Jean-Marc Rolain [France] ; Yolande Obadia [France] ; Philippe Brouqui [France] ; Michel Drancourt [France] ; Bernard La Scola [France] ; Philippe Parola [France] ; Didier Raoult [France]Source :
- Travel medicine and infectious disease [ 1873-0442 ]
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Adulte (MeSH), Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH), Antiviraux (administration et posologie), Antiviraux (effets indésirables), Antiviraux (usage thérapeutique), Association de médicaments (MeSH), Azithromycine (administration et posologie), Azithromycine (effets indésirables), Azithromycine (usage thérapeutique), Betacoronavirus (génétique), Charge virale (MeSH), Facteurs temps (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), France (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (administration et posologie), Hydroxychloroquine (effets indésirables), Hydroxychloroquine (usage thérapeutique), Infections à coronavirus (mortalité), Infections à coronavirus (traitement médicamenteux), Infections à coronavirus (virologie), Jeune adulte (MeSH), Mâle (MeSH), Pandémies (MeSH), Pneumopathie virale (mortalité), Pneumopathie virale (traitement médicamenteux), Pneumopathie virale (virologie), Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne (MeSH), Résultat thérapeutique (MeSH), Sujet âgé (MeSH), Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus (MeSH), Études de suivi (MeSH), Études rétrospectives (MeSH).
- MESH :
- administration et posologie : Antiviraux, Azithromycine, Hydroxychloroquine.
- effets indésirables : Antiviraux, Azithromycine, Hydroxychloroquine.
- génétique : Betacoronavirus.
- mortalité : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- traitement médicamenteux : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- usage thérapeutique : Antiviraux, Azithromycine, Hydroxychloroquine.
- virologie : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Association de médicaments, Charge virale, Facteurs temps, Femelle, France, Humains, Jeune adulte, Mâle, Pandémies, Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne, Résultat thérapeutique, Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Études de suivi, Études rétrospectives.
- Wicri :
- geographic : France.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Adult (MeSH), Aged (MeSH), Aged, 80 and over (MeSH), Antiviral Agents (administration & dosage), Antiviral Agents (adverse effects), Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use), Azithromycin (administration & dosage), Azithromycin (adverse effects), Azithromycin (therapeutic use), Betacoronavirus (genetics), Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy), Coronavirus Infections (mortality), Coronavirus Infections (virology), Drug Therapy, Combination (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Follow-Up Studies (MeSH), France (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (administration & dosage), Hydroxychloroquine (adverse effects), Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy), Pneumonia, Viral (mortality), Pneumonia, Viral (virology), Polymerase Chain Reaction (MeSH), Retrospective Studies (MeSH), Time Factors (MeSH), Treatment Outcome (MeSH), Viral Load (MeSH), Young Adult (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , administration & dosage : Antiviral Agents, Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquine.
- chemical , adverse effects : Antiviral Agents, Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquine.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antiviral Agents, Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquine.
- geographic : France.
- drug therapy : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- genetics : Betacoronavirus.
- mortality : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- virology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Viral Load, Young Adult.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
In France, the combination hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZ) is used in the treatment of COVID-19.
METHODS
We retrospectively report on 1061 SARS-CoV-2 positive tested patients treated for at least three days with the following regimen: HCQ (200 mg three times daily for ten days) + AZ (500 mg on day 1 followed by 250 mg daily for the next four days). Outcomes were death, clinical worsening (transfer to ICU, and >10 day hospitalization) and viral shedding persistence (>10 days).
RESULTS
A total of 1061 patients were included in this analysis (46.4% male, mean age 43.6 years - range 14-95 years). Good clinical outcome and virological cure were obtained in 973 patients within 10 days (91.7%). Prolonged viral carriage was observed in 47 patients (4.4%) and was associated to a higher viral load at diagnosis (p < .001) but viral culture was negative at day 10. All but one, were PCR-cleared at day 15. A poor clinical outcome (PClinO) was observed for 46 patients (4.3%) and 8 died (0.75%) (74-95 years old). All deaths resulted from respiratory failure and not from cardiac toxicity. Five patients are still hospitalized (98.7% of patients cured so far). PClinO was associated with older age (OR 1.11), severity of illness at admission (OR 10.05) and low HCQ serum concentration. PClinO was independently associated with the use of selective beta-blocking agents and angiotensin II receptor blockers (p < .05). A total of 2.3% of patients reported mild adverse events (gastrointestinal or skin symptoms, headache, insomnia and transient blurred vision).
CONCLUSION
Administration of the HCQ+AZ combination before COVID-19 complications occur is safe and associated with a very low fatality rate in patients.
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101738
PubMed: 32387409
PubMed Central: PMC7199729
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gautret, Philippe" sort="Gautret, Philippe" uniqKey="Gautret P" first="Philippe" last="Gautret">Philippe Gautret</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colson, Philippe" sort="Colson, Philippe" uniqKey="Colson P" first="Philippe" last="Colson">Philippe Colson</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fournier, Pierre Edouard" sort="Fournier, Pierre Edouard" uniqKey="Fournier P" first="Pierre-Edouard" last="Fournier">Pierre-Edouard Fournier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amrane, Sophie" sort="Amrane, Sophie" uniqKey="Amrane S" first="Sophie" last="Amrane">Sophie Amrane</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hocquart, Marie" sort="Hocquart, Marie" uniqKey="Hocquart M" first="Marie" last="Hocquart">Marie Hocquart</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mailhe, Morgane" sort="Mailhe, Morgane" uniqKey="Mailhe M" first="Morgane" last="Mailhe">Morgane Mailhe</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esteves Vieira, Vera" sort="Esteves Vieira, Vera" uniqKey="Esteves Vieira V" first="Vera" last="Esteves-Vieira">Vera Esteves-Vieira</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doudier, Barbara" sort="Doudier, Barbara" uniqKey="Doudier B" first="Barbara" last="Doudier">Barbara Doudier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aubry, Camille" sort="Aubry, Camille" uniqKey="Aubry C" first="Camille" last="Aubry">Camille Aubry</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Correard, Florian" sort="Correard, Florian" uniqKey="Correard F" first="Florian" last="Correard">Florian Correard</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Aix Marseille Univ., Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Marseille, France; AP-HM, hôpital Timone, service Pharmacie, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Aix Marseille Univ., Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Marseille, France; AP-HM, hôpital Timone, service Pharmacie, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giraud Gatineau, Audrey" sort="Giraud Gatineau, Audrey" uniqKey="Giraud Gatineau A" first="Audrey" last="Giraud-Gatineau">Audrey Giraud-Gatineau</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées (CESPA), Marseille, France; AP-HM, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées (CESPA), Marseille, France; AP-HM, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roussel, Yanis" sort="Roussel, Yanis" uniqKey="Roussel Y" first="Yanis" last="Roussel">Yanis Roussel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berenger, Cyril" sort="Berenger, Cyril" uniqKey="Berenger C" first="Cyril" last="Berenger">Cyril Berenger</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cassir, Nadim" sort="Cassir, Nadim" uniqKey="Cassir N" first="Nadim" last="Cassir">Nadim Cassir</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seng, Piseth" sort="Seng, Piseth" uniqKey="Seng P" first="Piseth" last="Seng">Piseth Seng</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zandotti, Christine" sort="Zandotti, Christine" uniqKey="Zandotti C" first="Christine" last="Zandotti">Christine Zandotti</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dhiver, Catherine" sort="Dhiver, Catherine" uniqKey="Dhiver C" first="Catherine" last="Dhiver">Catherine Dhiver</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ravaux, Isabelle" sort="Ravaux, Isabelle" uniqKey="Ravaux I" first="Isabelle" last="Ravaux">Isabelle Ravaux</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tomei, Christelle" sort="Tomei, Christelle" uniqKey="Tomei C" first="Christelle" last="Tomei">Christelle Tomei</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eldin, Carole" sort="Eldin, Carole" uniqKey="Eldin C" first="Carole" last="Eldin">Carole Eldin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tissot Dupont, Herve" sort="Tissot Dupont, Herve" uniqKey="Tissot Dupont H" first="Hervé" last="Tissot-Dupont">Hervé Tissot-Dupont</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Honore, Stephane" sort="Honore, Stephane" uniqKey="Honore S" first="Stéphane" last="Honoré">Stéphane Honoré</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Aix Marseille Univ., Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Marseille, France; AP-HM, hôpital Timone, service Pharmacie, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Aix Marseille Univ., Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Marseille, France; AP-HM, hôpital Timone, service Pharmacie, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stein, Andreas" sort="Stein, Andreas" uniqKey="Stein A" first="Andreas" last="Stein">Andreas Stein</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacquier, Alexis" sort="Jacquier, Alexis" uniqKey="Jacquier A" first="Alexis" last="Jacquier">Alexis Jacquier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Aix-Marseille Univ., UMR 7339, CNRS, CRMBM-CEMEREM (Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale-Centre d'Exploration Métaboliques par Résonance Magnétique), Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Aix-Marseille Univ., UMR 7339, CNRS, CRMBM-CEMEREM (Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale-Centre d'Exploration Métaboliques par Résonance Magnétique), Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deharo, Jean Claude" sort="Deharo, Jean Claude" uniqKey="Deharo J" first="Jean-Claude" last="Deharo">Jean-Claude Deharo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>AP-HM, Aix Marseille Univ., hôpital Timone, Cardiologie, Rythmologie, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AP-HM, Aix Marseille Univ., hôpital Timone, Cardiologie, Rythmologie, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chabriere, Eric" sort="Chabriere, Eric" uniqKey="Chabriere E" first="Eric" last="Chabrière">Eric Chabrière</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levasseur, Anthony" sort="Levasseur, Anthony" uniqKey="Levasseur A" first="Anthony" last="Levasseur">Anthony Levasseur</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fenollar, Florence" sort="Fenollar, Florence" uniqKey="Fenollar F" first="Florence" last="Fenollar">Florence Fenollar</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rolain, Jean Marc" sort="Rolain, Jean Marc" uniqKey="Rolain J" first="Jean-Marc" last="Rolain">Jean-Marc Rolain</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obadia, Yolande" sort="Obadia, Yolande" uniqKey="Obadia Y" first="Yolande" last="Obadia">Yolande Obadia</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brouqui, Philippe" sort="Brouqui, Philippe" uniqKey="Brouqui P" first="Philippe" last="Brouqui">Philippe Brouqui</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drancourt, Michel" sort="Drancourt, Michel" uniqKey="Drancourt M" first="Michel" last="Drancourt">Michel Drancourt</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="La Scola, Bernard" sort="La Scola, Bernard" uniqKey="La Scola B" first="Bernard" last="La Scola">Bernard La Scola</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parola, Philippe" sort="Parola, Philippe" uniqKey="Parola P" first="Philippe" last="Parola">Philippe Parola</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raoult, Didier" sort="Raoult, Didier" uniqKey="Raoult D" first="Didier" last="Raoult">Didier Raoult</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France. Electronic address: didier.raoult@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020 May - Jun</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32387409</idno><idno type="pmid">32387409</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101738</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7199729</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001376</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001376</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001376</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">001376</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001376</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, France.</title><author><name sortKey="Million, Matthieu" sort="Million, Matthieu" uniqKey="Million M" first="Matthieu" last="Million">Matthieu Million</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lagier, Jean Christophe" sort="Lagier, Jean Christophe" uniqKey="Lagier J" first="Jean-Christophe" last="Lagier">Jean-Christophe Lagier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gautret, Philippe" sort="Gautret, Philippe" uniqKey="Gautret P" first="Philippe" last="Gautret">Philippe Gautret</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colson, Philippe" sort="Colson, Philippe" uniqKey="Colson P" first="Philippe" last="Colson">Philippe Colson</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fournier, Pierre Edouard" sort="Fournier, Pierre Edouard" uniqKey="Fournier P" first="Pierre-Edouard" last="Fournier">Pierre-Edouard Fournier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amrane, Sophie" sort="Amrane, Sophie" uniqKey="Amrane S" first="Sophie" last="Amrane">Sophie Amrane</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hocquart, Marie" sort="Hocquart, Marie" uniqKey="Hocquart M" first="Marie" last="Hocquart">Marie Hocquart</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mailhe, Morgane" sort="Mailhe, Morgane" uniqKey="Mailhe M" first="Morgane" last="Mailhe">Morgane Mailhe</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esteves Vieira, Vera" sort="Esteves Vieira, Vera" uniqKey="Esteves Vieira V" first="Vera" last="Esteves-Vieira">Vera Esteves-Vieira</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doudier, Barbara" sort="Doudier, Barbara" uniqKey="Doudier B" first="Barbara" last="Doudier">Barbara Doudier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aubry, Camille" sort="Aubry, Camille" uniqKey="Aubry C" first="Camille" last="Aubry">Camille Aubry</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Correard, Florian" sort="Correard, Florian" uniqKey="Correard F" first="Florian" last="Correard">Florian Correard</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Aix Marseille Univ., Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Marseille, France; AP-HM, hôpital Timone, service Pharmacie, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Aix Marseille Univ., Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Marseille, France; AP-HM, hôpital Timone, service Pharmacie, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giraud Gatineau, Audrey" sort="Giraud Gatineau, Audrey" uniqKey="Giraud Gatineau A" first="Audrey" last="Giraud-Gatineau">Audrey Giraud-Gatineau</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées (CESPA), Marseille, France; AP-HM, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées (CESPA), Marseille, France; AP-HM, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roussel, Yanis" sort="Roussel, Yanis" uniqKey="Roussel Y" first="Yanis" last="Roussel">Yanis Roussel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berenger, Cyril" sort="Berenger, Cyril" uniqKey="Berenger C" first="Cyril" last="Berenger">Cyril Berenger</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cassir, Nadim" sort="Cassir, Nadim" uniqKey="Cassir N" first="Nadim" last="Cassir">Nadim Cassir</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seng, Piseth" sort="Seng, Piseth" uniqKey="Seng P" first="Piseth" last="Seng">Piseth Seng</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zandotti, Christine" sort="Zandotti, Christine" uniqKey="Zandotti C" first="Christine" last="Zandotti">Christine Zandotti</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dhiver, Catherine" sort="Dhiver, Catherine" uniqKey="Dhiver C" first="Catherine" last="Dhiver">Catherine Dhiver</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ravaux, Isabelle" sort="Ravaux, Isabelle" uniqKey="Ravaux I" first="Isabelle" last="Ravaux">Isabelle Ravaux</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tomei, Christelle" sort="Tomei, Christelle" uniqKey="Tomei C" first="Christelle" last="Tomei">Christelle Tomei</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eldin, Carole" sort="Eldin, Carole" uniqKey="Eldin C" first="Carole" last="Eldin">Carole Eldin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tissot Dupont, Herve" sort="Tissot Dupont, Herve" uniqKey="Tissot Dupont H" first="Hervé" last="Tissot-Dupont">Hervé Tissot-Dupont</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Honore, Stephane" sort="Honore, Stephane" uniqKey="Honore S" first="Stéphane" last="Honoré">Stéphane Honoré</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Aix Marseille Univ., Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Marseille, France; AP-HM, hôpital Timone, service Pharmacie, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Aix Marseille Univ., Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Marseille, France; AP-HM, hôpital Timone, service Pharmacie, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stein, Andreas" sort="Stein, Andreas" uniqKey="Stein A" first="Andreas" last="Stein">Andreas Stein</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacquier, Alexis" sort="Jacquier, Alexis" uniqKey="Jacquier A" first="Alexis" last="Jacquier">Alexis Jacquier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Aix-Marseille Univ., UMR 7339, CNRS, CRMBM-CEMEREM (Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale-Centre d'Exploration Métaboliques par Résonance Magnétique), Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Aix-Marseille Univ., UMR 7339, CNRS, CRMBM-CEMEREM (Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale-Centre d'Exploration Métaboliques par Résonance Magnétique), Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deharo, Jean Claude" sort="Deharo, Jean Claude" uniqKey="Deharo J" first="Jean-Claude" last="Deharo">Jean-Claude Deharo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>AP-HM, Aix Marseille Univ., hôpital Timone, Cardiologie, Rythmologie, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AP-HM, Aix Marseille Univ., hôpital Timone, Cardiologie, Rythmologie, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chabriere, Eric" sort="Chabriere, Eric" uniqKey="Chabriere E" first="Eric" last="Chabrière">Eric Chabrière</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levasseur, Anthony" sort="Levasseur, Anthony" uniqKey="Levasseur A" first="Anthony" last="Levasseur">Anthony Levasseur</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fenollar, Florence" sort="Fenollar, Florence" uniqKey="Fenollar F" first="Florence" last="Fenollar">Florence Fenollar</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rolain, Jean Marc" sort="Rolain, Jean Marc" uniqKey="Rolain J" first="Jean-Marc" last="Rolain">Jean-Marc Rolain</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obadia, Yolande" sort="Obadia, Yolande" uniqKey="Obadia Y" first="Yolande" last="Obadia">Yolande Obadia</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brouqui, Philippe" sort="Brouqui, Philippe" uniqKey="Brouqui P" first="Philippe" last="Brouqui">Philippe Brouqui</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drancourt, Michel" sort="Drancourt, Michel" uniqKey="Drancourt M" first="Michel" last="Drancourt">Michel Drancourt</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="La Scola, Bernard" sort="La Scola, Bernard" uniqKey="La Scola B" first="Bernard" last="La Scola">Bernard La Scola</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parola, Philippe" sort="Parola, Philippe" uniqKey="Parola P" first="Philippe" last="Parola">Philippe Parola</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raoult, Didier" sort="Raoult, Didier" uniqKey="Raoult D" first="Didier" last="Raoult">Didier Raoult</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France. Electronic address: didier.raoult@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Travel medicine and infectious disease</title><idno type="eISSN">1873-0442</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Aged, 80 and over (MeSH)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (administration & dosage)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (adverse effects)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Azithromycin (administration & dosage)</term><term>Azithromycin (adverse effects)</term><term>Azithromycin (therapeutic use)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (genetics)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (mortality)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (virology)</term><term>Drug Therapy, Combination (MeSH)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Follow-Up Studies (MeSH)</term><term>France (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (administration & dosage)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (adverse effects)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (mortality)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (virology)</term><term>Polymerase Chain Reaction (MeSH)</term><term>Retrospective Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Time Factors (MeSH)</term><term>Treatment Outcome (MeSH)</term><term>Viral Load (MeSH)</term><term>Young Adult (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term><term>Adulte (MeSH)</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH)</term><term>Antiviraux (administration et posologie)</term><term>Antiviraux (effets indésirables)</term><term>Antiviraux (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Association de médicaments (MeSH)</term><term>Azithromycine (administration et posologie)</term><term>Azithromycine (effets indésirables)</term><term>Azithromycine (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (génétique)</term><term>Charge virale (MeSH)</term><term>Facteurs temps (MeSH)</term><term>Femelle (MeSH)</term><term>France (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (administration et posologie)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (effets indésirables)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (mortalité)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (virologie)</term><term>Jeune adulte (MeSH)</term><term>Mâle (MeSH)</term><term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (mortalité)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (virologie)</term><term>Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne (MeSH)</term><term>Résultat thérapeutique (MeSH)</term><term>Sujet âgé (MeSH)</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus (MeSH)</term><term>Études de suivi (MeSH)</term><term>Études rétrospectives (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Azithromycin</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Azithromycin</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Azithromycin</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>France</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="administration et posologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antiviraux</term><term>Azithromycine</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets indésirables" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antiviraux</term><term>Azithromycine</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortality" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortalité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antiviraux</term><term>Azithromycine</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Drug Therapy, Combination</term><term>Female</term><term>Follow-Up Studies</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Polymerase Chain Reaction</term><term>Retrospective Studies</term><term>Time Factors</term><term>Treatment Outcome</term><term>Viral Load</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Association de médicaments</term><term>Charge virale</term><term>Facteurs temps</term><term>Femelle</term><term>France</term><term>Humains</term><term>Jeune adulte</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Pandémies</term><term>Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne</term><term>Résultat thérapeutique</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term><term>Études de suivi</term><term>Études rétrospectives</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>France</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>In France, the combination hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZ) is used in the treatment of COVID-19.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>We retrospectively report on 1061 SARS-CoV-2 positive tested patients treated for at least three days with the following regimen: HCQ (200 mg three times daily for ten days) + AZ (500 mg on day 1 followed by 250 mg daily for the next four days). Outcomes were death, clinical worsening (transfer to ICU, and >10 day hospitalization) and viral shedding persistence (>10 days).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>A total of 1061 patients were included in this analysis (46.4% male, mean age 43.6 years - range 14-95 years). Good clinical outcome and virological cure were obtained in 973 patients within 10 days (91.7%). Prolonged viral carriage was observed in 47 patients (4.4%) and was associated to a higher viral load at diagnosis (p < .001) but viral culture was negative at day 10. All but one, were PCR-cleared at day 15. A poor clinical outcome (PClinO) was observed for 46 patients (4.3%) and 8 died (0.75%) (74-95 years old). All deaths resulted from respiratory failure and not from cardiac toxicity. Five patients are still hospitalized (98.7% of patients cured so far). PClinO was associated with older age (OR 1.11), severity of illness at admission (OR 10.05) and low HCQ serum concentration. PClinO was independently associated with the use of selective beta-blocking agents and angiotensin II receptor blockers (p < .05). A total of 2.3% of patients reported mild adverse events (gastrointestinal or skin symptoms, headache, insomnia and transient blurred vision).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b></p><p>Administration of the HCQ+AZ combination before COVID-19 complications occur is safe and associated with a very low fatality rate in patients.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32387409</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>10</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>10</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1873-0442</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>35</Volume><PubDate><MedlineDate>2020 May - Jun</MedlineDate></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Travel medicine and infectious disease</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Travel Med Infect Dis</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, France.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>101738</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1477-8939(20)30217-9</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101738</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">In France, the combination hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZ) is used in the treatment of COVID-19.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">We retrospectively report on 1061 SARS-CoV-2 positive tested patients treated for at least three days with the following regimen: HCQ (200 mg three times daily for ten days) + AZ (500 mg on day 1 followed by 250 mg daily for the next four days). Outcomes were death, clinical worsening (transfer to ICU, and >10 day hospitalization) and viral shedding persistence (>10 days).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">A total of 1061 patients were included in this analysis (46.4% male, mean age 43.6 years - range 14-95 years). Good clinical outcome and virological cure were obtained in 973 patients within 10 days (91.7%). Prolonged viral carriage was observed in 47 patients (4.4%) and was associated to a higher viral load at diagnosis (p < .001) but viral culture was negative at day 10. All but one, were PCR-cleared at day 15. A poor clinical outcome (PClinO) was observed for 46 patients (4.3%) and 8 died (0.75%) (74-95 years old). All deaths resulted from respiratory failure and not from cardiac toxicity. Five patients are still hospitalized (98.7% of patients cured so far). PClinO was associated with older age (OR 1.11), severity of illness at admission (OR 10.05) and low HCQ serum concentration. PClinO was independently associated with the use of selective beta-blocking agents and angiotensin II receptor blockers (p < .05). A total of 2.3% of patients reported mild adverse events (gastrointestinal or skin symptoms, headache, insomnia and transient blurred vision).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION">Administration of the HCQ+AZ combination before COVID-19 complications occur is safe and associated with a very low fatality rate in patients.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Million</LastName><ForeName>Matthieu</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lagier</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Christophe</ForeName><Initials>JC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gautret</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Colson</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fournier</LastName><ForeName>Pierre-Edouard</ForeName><Initials>PE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Amrane</LastName><ForeName>Sophie</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hocquart</LastName><ForeName>Marie</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mailhe</LastName><ForeName>Morgane</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Esteves-Vieira</LastName><ForeName>Vera</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Doudier</LastName><ForeName>Barbara</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aubry</LastName><ForeName>Camille</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Correard</LastName><ForeName>Florian</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Aix Marseille Univ., Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Marseille, France; AP-HM, hôpital Timone, service Pharmacie, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Giraud-Gatineau</LastName><ForeName>Audrey</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées (CESPA), Marseille, France; AP-HM, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roussel</LastName><ForeName>Yanis</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Berenger</LastName><ForeName>Cyril</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cassir</LastName><ForeName>Nadim</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Seng</LastName><ForeName>Piseth</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zandotti</LastName><ForeName>Christine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dhiver</LastName><ForeName>Catherine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ravaux</LastName><ForeName>Isabelle</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tomei</LastName><ForeName>Christelle</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eldin</LastName><ForeName>Carole</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tissot-Dupont</LastName><ForeName>Hervé</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Honoré</LastName><ForeName>Stéphane</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Aix Marseille Univ., Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Marseille, France; AP-HM, hôpital Timone, service Pharmacie, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stein</LastName><ForeName>Andreas</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jacquier</LastName><ForeName>Alexis</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Aix-Marseille Univ., UMR 7339, CNRS, CRMBM-CEMEREM (Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale-Centre d'Exploration Métaboliques par Résonance Magnétique), Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Deharo</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Claude</ForeName><Initials>JC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>AP-HM, Aix Marseille Univ., hôpital Timone, Cardiologie, Rythmologie, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chabrière</LastName><ForeName>Eric</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Levasseur</LastName><ForeName>Anthony</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fenollar</LastName><ForeName>Florence</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rolain</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Marc</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Obadia</LastName><ForeName>Yolande</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brouqui</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Drancourt</LastName><ForeName>Michel</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>La Scola</LastName><ForeName>Bernard</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Parola</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raoult</LastName><ForeName>Didier</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France. Electronic address: didier.raoult@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>05</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Travel Med Infect Dis</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101230758</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1477-8939</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000998">Antiviral Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>4QWG6N8QKH</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006886">Hydroxychloroquine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>83905-01-5</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D017963">Azithromycin</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Disease" UI="C000657245">COVID-19</SupplMeshName><SupplMeshName Type="Protocol" UI="C000705127">COVID-19 drug treatment</SupplMeshName><SupplMeshName Type="Organism" UI="C000656484">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Intern Emerg Med. 2020 Aug;15(5):841-843</RefSource><PMID Version="1">32474851</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 May - Jun;35:101764</RefSource><PMID Version="1">32485391</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Jul - Aug;36:101788</RefSource><PMID Version="1">32540396</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Jul - Aug;36:101819</RefSource><PMID Version="1">32629139</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000293" MajorTopicYN="N">Adolescent</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000369" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged, 80 and over</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000998" MajorTopicYN="N">Antiviral Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="N">administration & dosage</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="N">adverse effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017963" MajorTopicYN="N">Azithromycin</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="N">administration & dosage</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="N">adverse effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000401" MajorTopicYN="N">mortality</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004359" MajorTopicYN="N">Drug Therapy, Combination</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005500" MajorTopicYN="N">Follow-Up Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005602" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">France</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006886" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="N">administration & dosage</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="N">adverse effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000401" MajorTopicYN="N">mortality</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016133" MajorTopicYN="N">Polymerase Chain Reaction</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012189" MajorTopicYN="N">Retrospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013997" MajorTopicYN="N">Time Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016896" MajorTopicYN="N">Treatment Outcome</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019562" MajorTopicYN="N">Viral Load</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055815" MajorTopicYN="N">Young Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Azithromycin</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Hydroxychloroquine</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">SARS-CoV-2</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests. Funding sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. Our group used widely available generic drugs distributed by many pharmaceutical companies (Supplementary data).</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>20</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>30</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>01</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32387409</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S1477-8939(20)30217-9</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101738</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7199729</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Dec 13;113(50):14408-14413</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27911847</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Drug Discov Ther. 2020;14(1):58-60</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32147628</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2020 May 25;49(2):215-219</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32391667</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014 Jan;69(1):219-27</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23946319</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1054-1062</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId 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IdType="pubmed">32091533</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>France</li></country><region><li>Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</li></region><settlement><li>Marseille</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="France"><region name="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur"><name sortKey="Million, Matthieu" sort="Million, Matthieu" uniqKey="Million M" first="Matthieu" last="Million">Matthieu Million</name></region><name sortKey="Amrane, Sophie" sort="Amrane, Sophie" uniqKey="Amrane S" first="Sophie" last="Amrane">Sophie Amrane</name><name sortKey="Aubry, Camille" sort="Aubry, Camille" uniqKey="Aubry C" first="Camille" last="Aubry">Camille Aubry</name><name sortKey="Berenger, Cyril" sort="Berenger, Cyril" uniqKey="Berenger C" first="Cyril" last="Berenger">Cyril Berenger</name><name sortKey="Brouqui, Philippe" sort="Brouqui, Philippe" uniqKey="Brouqui P" first="Philippe" last="Brouqui">Philippe Brouqui</name><name sortKey="Cassir, Nadim" sort="Cassir, Nadim" uniqKey="Cassir N" first="Nadim" last="Cassir">Nadim Cassir</name><name sortKey="Chabriere, Eric" sort="Chabriere, Eric" uniqKey="Chabriere E" first="Eric" last="Chabrière">Eric Chabrière</name><name sortKey="Colson, Philippe" sort="Colson, Philippe" uniqKey="Colson P" first="Philippe" last="Colson">Philippe Colson</name><name sortKey="Correard, Florian" sort="Correard, Florian" uniqKey="Correard F" first="Florian" last="Correard">Florian Correard</name><name sortKey="Deharo, Jean Claude" sort="Deharo, Jean Claude" uniqKey="Deharo J" first="Jean-Claude" last="Deharo">Jean-Claude Deharo</name><name sortKey="Dhiver, Catherine" sort="Dhiver, Catherine" uniqKey="Dhiver C" first="Catherine" last="Dhiver">Catherine Dhiver</name><name sortKey="Doudier, Barbara" sort="Doudier, Barbara" uniqKey="Doudier B" first="Barbara" last="Doudier">Barbara Doudier</name><name sortKey="Drancourt, Michel" sort="Drancourt, Michel" uniqKey="Drancourt M" first="Michel" last="Drancourt">Michel Drancourt</name><name sortKey="Eldin, Carole" sort="Eldin, Carole" uniqKey="Eldin C" first="Carole" last="Eldin">Carole Eldin</name><name sortKey="Esteves Vieira, Vera" sort="Esteves Vieira, Vera" uniqKey="Esteves Vieira V" first="Vera" last="Esteves-Vieira">Vera Esteves-Vieira</name><name sortKey="Fenollar, Florence" sort="Fenollar, Florence" uniqKey="Fenollar F" first="Florence" last="Fenollar">Florence Fenollar</name><name sortKey="Fournier, Pierre Edouard" sort="Fournier, Pierre Edouard" uniqKey="Fournier P" first="Pierre-Edouard" last="Fournier">Pierre-Edouard Fournier</name><name sortKey="Gautret, Philippe" sort="Gautret, Philippe" uniqKey="Gautret P" first="Philippe" last="Gautret">Philippe Gautret</name><name sortKey="Giraud Gatineau, Audrey" sort="Giraud Gatineau, Audrey" uniqKey="Giraud Gatineau A" first="Audrey" last="Giraud-Gatineau">Audrey Giraud-Gatineau</name><name sortKey="Hocquart, Marie" sort="Hocquart, Marie" uniqKey="Hocquart M" first="Marie" last="Hocquart">Marie Hocquart</name><name sortKey="Honore, Stephane" sort="Honore, Stephane" uniqKey="Honore S" first="Stéphane" last="Honoré">Stéphane Honoré</name><name sortKey="Jacquier, Alexis" sort="Jacquier, Alexis" uniqKey="Jacquier A" first="Alexis" last="Jacquier">Alexis Jacquier</name><name sortKey="La Scola, Bernard" sort="La Scola, Bernard" uniqKey="La Scola B" first="Bernard" last="La Scola">Bernard La Scola</name><name sortKey="Lagier, Jean Christophe" sort="Lagier, Jean Christophe" uniqKey="Lagier J" first="Jean-Christophe" last="Lagier">Jean-Christophe Lagier</name><name sortKey="Levasseur, Anthony" sort="Levasseur, Anthony" uniqKey="Levasseur A" first="Anthony" last="Levasseur">Anthony Levasseur</name><name sortKey="Mailhe, Morgane" sort="Mailhe, Morgane" uniqKey="Mailhe M" first="Morgane" last="Mailhe">Morgane Mailhe</name><name sortKey="Obadia, Yolande" sort="Obadia, Yolande" uniqKey="Obadia Y" first="Yolande" last="Obadia">Yolande Obadia</name><name sortKey="Parola, Philippe" sort="Parola, Philippe" uniqKey="Parola P" first="Philippe" last="Parola">Philippe Parola</name><name sortKey="Raoult, Didier" sort="Raoult, Didier" uniqKey="Raoult D" first="Didier" last="Raoult">Didier Raoult</name><name sortKey="Ravaux, Isabelle" sort="Ravaux, Isabelle" uniqKey="Ravaux I" first="Isabelle" last="Ravaux">Isabelle Ravaux</name><name sortKey="Rolain, Jean Marc" sort="Rolain, Jean Marc" uniqKey="Rolain J" first="Jean-Marc" last="Rolain">Jean-Marc Rolain</name><name sortKey="Roussel, Yanis" sort="Roussel, Yanis" uniqKey="Roussel Y" first="Yanis" last="Roussel">Yanis Roussel</name><name sortKey="Seng, Piseth" sort="Seng, Piseth" uniqKey="Seng P" first="Piseth" last="Seng">Piseth Seng</name><name sortKey="Stein, Andreas" sort="Stein, Andreas" uniqKey="Stein A" first="Andreas" last="Stein">Andreas Stein</name><name sortKey="Tissot Dupont, Herve" sort="Tissot Dupont, Herve" uniqKey="Tissot Dupont H" first="Hervé" last="Tissot-Dupont">Hervé Tissot-Dupont</name><name sortKey="Tomei, Christelle" sort="Tomei, Christelle" uniqKey="Tomei C" first="Christelle" last="Tomei">Christelle Tomei</name><name sortKey="Zandotti, Christine" sort="Zandotti, Christine" uniqKey="Zandotti C" first="Christine" last="Zandotti">Christine Zandotti</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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